so that is 2 different things.

for an increase in voltage IN THE SAME SYSTEM
you use ohm's law.
I= V/R

As voltage increases with resistance remaning the same, amps increase.

a 24 volt system vs 12 volt system the resistance isn't the same.

it would have to be twice that of a 12 volt system to require half the amps.

they decide on 12 volt vs 24 volts based on watts used amps times voltage.
so if for instance a starter requires 480 watts at 12 volts you would pull 40 amps
but a 24 volt system pulling 480 watts would only need 20 amps.

but the physical starter would be wired differently increasing the resistance.