Great post, Feets!
I just learned all of the math and found a few excel spreadsheets. There is a good excel probably 3/4 of the way down or so. It allows you to determine weight transfer at a specified G force stop, etc. I don't like his power brake calculations, though.
http://www.pirate4x4.com/tech/billavista/Brakes/A couple things I learned along the way:
My duster has a 6.5:1 manual pedal ratio. When adding the power linkage, it drops to 3.5:1.
A dual master cylinder (side by side masters) split the input force, a tandem master does not.
I still have questions about halving the total piston volume in a fixed caliper, though. The above excel doubles the piston volume in a sliding caliper instead.