There are discussions about which is faster, which is easier, which is cheaper, which is.............etc, etc.

My question is: Which system will atomize the fuel better (I suspect EFI) ?

How can this be measured ? Two otherwise identical engines, one carb, one EFI, So which will produce the most power ?
Or alternately, if both engines can be adjusted to the same HP output at the same RPM, which engine will use the least fuel ?

Not sure if it's feasible (for us hotrodders) to measure unburned hydrocarbons, but that would indicate lack of fuel atomization.

Now, I read that carbs can be tuned run extremely efficiently in a certain RPM band, but likely not idle - to - peak RPM.

Of course, if the engine in question produces highest HP with a rich mixture, meaning there will be unburned hydrocarbons,
both carbs and EFI can do that, but which system can achieve that power level with a lower BSFC ?