Well consider 1 Hp is approx 754 watts, A 754 watt heater puts our a bit of heat IMO. Hopping for a power increase of multiple HP would sure be a significant reduction in radiant heat, by a engine color change ,enough i suspect one would notice it by simply opening the hood of a running motor. that has never been an observation I read here.
The takeaway, yes the motor emits less heat with a lighter color. Is it measurable, maybe, Is it much, not enough for us to care.
Also, I am no making a clear distinction above between headers/color and engine color. They are separate issues.
And Jenkins in Pro stock is claimed to paint his motors white, so there.