If you only had a asd relay problem, then yes you're right,it should throw a code.
Checking for power at the asd relay is just the easiest way to see if there is a wiring problem.The same wire that goes to the asd relay also goes to the pcm, the ign coil,fuel pump relay,check engine light on the dash,and other places.I'm assuming that the check engine light does not light up when the key is turned on.The problem happens at a splice that goes many different directions.But you might be right about the surge.Try tapping on the pcm,Might jar something and make it work,then you will know for sure,also open it up and take a smell,if it fried,you will smell it.Small market for finding chrysler pcm's specialy at a reasonable $$.try google,I bought one from a place in florida once,I could not get locally.There are other rebuilders out there beside auto chain stores.Gonna take some work finding them.usually buy local for that stuff if possible,rebuilt units can have problems,easier to get exchanged that way.From what I understand,pcm's get repaired of there problem and resold,they do not get completely gone through.I have had a few fail within warranty period.