I assume you have tried a magnifying glass, correct?
If they were steel-stamped, and the stamped area didn't suffer mechanical damage that obliterated or mangled them, the markings are likely still there, in the metal, beneath the visible surface.
Example: Sometimes, criminals/thieves grind serial numbers off firearms, etc, but the markings can be raised by etching the surface with strong acids.
Here is a post on how to go about it below. They are using the technique to read a worn tag on an antique engine, but it also works for situations such as yours:
Raising Serial Numbers From Metal Quote:
Ron Haskell
Default Re: Serial number help: Raising tag numbers
Here is something I saved from an old E mail regarding finding marks on an old boiler. I hope it helps.
First sand the surface to be etched, until it is more-or-less even, with only superficial pockmarks from the corrosion remaining. Try to remove as little metal as possible.
Then etch with one of the following reagents:
1. Hydrochloric acid (one part concentrated HCl, one part water). Apply boiling hot. Might not develop well, due to too low temperature (actually, for best results, you should boil the part to be etched in the acid, which is a bit difficult here ......)
2. Ammonium persulphate (one part by weight of the salt to nine parts of water). Vigorously rub the surface with a cotton saturated with the solution. Apply at room temperature.
3. Nital (one part concentrated nitric acid, five parts ethyl alcohol). Brush on at room temperature.
There are other, more complex reagents that can be tried if these fail. Come back for more information to alex.den.ouden@consunet.nl .
The punch (steel stamped) marks do show up on etching, even when they are no longer visible on the surface, due to the plastic deformation caused when the punch(stamp) is driven into the surface.
I expect that the letter-and-number-punches will show up better than the larger cloverleaf stamp. The deformation with small punches usually is a bit deeper.
Beyond that, you could take the rods/caps to a machine shop and ask their advice on re-matching or failing that, how to machine/correct.