Bobby you're just thinking too darn much, you guys are going to give me a headache. it's been 15 years since i was required to study the mechanics of fluids but imho anything done with an automotive engine is going to be a compromise with a hord of variables. most (myself included) do refer to VE but in reality it's actually mass efficiency that is under consideration. there are so many things that affect cylinder filling inertia being one of them that's directly affected by charge velocity. i would think given the equipment, engineers and research that's been done on the newer manifolds by the manufactures they should have come pretty close to optimum given the constraints of production, dimensions, performance considerations and cost.