A crucial point is the
tolerance of DC voltage measuring device...For example, a precision Fluke multi-meter has a tolerance of +/- 0.5%..
But a typical automotive DC voltage gauge has a
much wider tolerance up to +/- 5.0%.. or up to a 10% window.....
Just my $0.02...
It is certainly true of the AutoMeter voltage gauge I have. Compared to my work Fluke, which is regularly calibrated, it's way off.
i was just thinking about the gauge reading [slightly ?] high, maybe it's the gauge and the alternator should be tested with a fluke meter. [i have several flukes]
you guys must have read my mind. [what LITTLE is left.
]