Check that turbine wheel... It looks like only half of that washer is there.
It doesn't take much of a chunk of anything to damage the turbine wheel.
You end up fixing the engine, then the turbo shakes itself apart, and goes back into the engine.
Another reason to run an intercooler. Big parts "filter".
Any clue of where the debris came from?

"use it 'till it breaks, replace as needed"