I'll offer the counter point to the "pull the engine" philosophy........

The wear you see there, along with what is likely corresponding wear on the cam, didn't happen in 5 minutes running time.
This has been going for quite a while......a little at a time.
If the filter was doing it's job, the debris should have been trapped there.

The oil pump is upstream of the filter.......so "if it were me", I would pull the pump and take it apart and see how bad it looks.
If the debris was able to pass through the pump without ruining it, them it's a pretty safe bet the filter should have been able to keep the collateral damage in check.

Obviously, if you're up for taking the motor out a going through it......great.
But if you'd like to see if maybe that could be avoided.......an inspection of the pump would be my first step.