No onboard fire suppression in F1, nor any open-wheel series that I know.
F1 cars start with 120L of fuel, if I recall correctly, to eliminate in-race refueling, which was occasionally ignited on hot surfaces.
Too much for anything onboard to deal with.
I doubt even quick-disconnects that seal would've worked in an impact that savage; 137 MPH & 53g recorded.
For the 2nd race there next weekend, I hope the barriers are addressed, as they'll use the faster track layout.