Your problem will be clearance between the caliper and wheel. A 17" wheel will normally clear calipers on 13" rotors but it can be close.
What you need to watch out for is the width of a multi-piston caliper. If you're using a Brembo style caliper the wheel must move the spokes away from the brakes.

My 18" wheels and 14" rotors left feeler gauge clearance around the caliper.

Here's a pic of my mockup to demonstrate the concern. Try putting a regular wheel on that rotor. It's going to hit the caliper before it ever touches the lugs.